The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has formally recognized the withdrawal of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger from the regional bloc but has allowed their citizens to retain certain privileges.
The three nations, now united under the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), had notified ECOWAS of their decision to leave on January 29, 2024, but per ECOWAS regulations, the withdrawal became effective on January 29, 2025. The military-led governments of these countries accused ECOWAS of imposing “inhuman, illegal, and illegitimate” sanctions after the coups that brought them to power. They also criticized the bloc for failing to support their fight against jihadist violence, alleging it is influenced by their former colonial ruler, France.
Despite their departure, ECOWAS has directed its member states to continue recognizing national passports and identity cards bearing the ECOWAS logo for citizens of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. The bloc also stated that these citizens would still enjoy visa-free movement, residence, and establishment under ECOWAS protocols.
Additionally, goods and services from the three countries will continue to be treated under the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS) and investment policies. ECOWAS said these measures aim to prevent disruption in the lives and businesses of citizens during the transition.
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A structure has been established to facilitate discussions on the future relationship between ECOWAS and the three nations. Meanwhile, citizens of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have celebrated their exit, accusing ECOWAS of serving French interests. The AES alliance has already announced plans to introduce a uniform passport for its members.
